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A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction . A varying current in one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic field, which in turn induces a voltage in a second coil. Power can be transferred between the two coils through the magnetic field, without a metallic connection between the two circuits. Faraday's law of induction discovered in 1831 described this effect. Transformers are used to increase or decrease the alternating voltages in electric power applications. Since the invention of the first constant-potential transformer in 1885, transformers have become essential for the transmission , distribution , and utilization of alternating current electrical energy. A wide range of transformer designs is encountered in electronic and electric power applications. Transformers range in size from RF transformers less than a cubic centimeter in volume to units interconnectin...

Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity , either directly using photovoltaics (PV), indirectly using concentrated solar power , or a combination. Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaic cells convert light into an electric current using the photovoltaic effect . Photovoltaics were initially solely used as a source of electricity for small and medium-sized applications, from the calculator powered by a single solar cell to remote homes powered by an off-grid rooftop PV system. Commercial concentrated solar power plants were first developed in the 1980s. The 392 MW Ivanpah installation is the largest concentrating solar power plant in the world, located in the Mojave Desert of California . As the cost of solar electricity has fallen, the number of grid-connected solar PV systems has grown into the millions and utility-scale solar...

Water conservation includes all the policies, strategies and activities to sustainably manage the natural resource of fresh water , to protect the hydrosphere , and to meet the current and future human demand . Population, household size, and growth and affluence all affect how much water is used. Water conservation refers to the preservation, control and development of water resources, both surface and groundwater, and prevention of pollution Water efficiency is reducing water wastage by measuring the amount of water required for a particular purpose and the amount of water used or delivered. Water efficiency differs from water conservation in that it focuses on reducing waste, not restricting use.Solutions for water efficiency focus not only on reducing the amount of potable water used, but also on reducing the use of non-potable water where appropriate (i.e. flushing toilet , watering landscape , etc.). It also emphasises the influence consumers can have in water e...

An electrical grid is an interconnected network for delivering electricity from producers to consumers. It consists of generating stations that produce electrical power, high voltage transmission lines that carry power from distant sources to demand centers, and distribution lines that connect individual customers . Power stations may be located near a fuel source, at a dam site, or to take advantage of renewable energy sources, and are often located away from heavily populated areas. They are usually quite large to take advantage of economies of scale . The electric power which is generated is stepped up to a higher voltage at which it connects to the electric power transmission network. The bulk power transmission network will move the power long distances, sometimes across international boundaries, until it reaches its wholesale customer (usually the company that owns the local electric power distribution network). On arrival at a substation , the power will be...

Mahapareshan or Mahatransco (Maharashtra State Electricity Transmission Company Limited - MSETCL) is the major electricity transmission company in the state of Maharashtra , India . Maharashtra State Electricity Transmission Company limited, a wholly owned corporate entity under the Maharashtra Government, was incorporated under the Companies Act, in June, 2005 after restructuring the erstwhile Maharashtra State Electricity Board to transmit electricity from its point of Generation to its point of Distribution. It owns and operates most of Maharashtra's Electric Power Transmission System. MSETCL operates a transmission network of 44715.1498 Circuit KM of transmission lines and 652 EHV Substations with 119212.5 MVA transformation capacity. This infrastructure constitutes most of the inter regional as well as intra-regional electric power transmission system in the State. Today, MSETCL is the largest state transmission utility in the country. The company also has the d...

Mahavitaran or Mahadiscom or MSEDCL (Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited) is a public sector undertaking (PSU) controlled by the Government of Maharashtra . It is the largest electricity distribution utility in India (1 largest in the world after SGCC) . MSEDCL distributes electricity to the entire Maharashtra state except some part of Mumbai city where [[Brihanmumba ic Supply and Transport|BEST Undertaking]], Tata Power and Reliance Energy are distributors The erstwhile Maharashtra State Electricity Board (MSEB) was looking after Generation, Transmission & Distribution of Electricity in the State of Maharashtra. But with enactment of Electricity Act 2003 of the Government of India, MSEB was unbundled into 4 Companies on 6 June 2005 viz. MSEB Holding Company Limited . Mahanirmiti ( महानिर्मिती ) or Mahagenco (Maharashtra State Power Generation Company Limited ( MSPGCL )) Mahapareshan ( महापारेषण ) or Mahatransco (Maharashtra State E...

An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical motion. The reverse task, that of converting mechanical motion into electrical energy, is accomplished by a generator or dynamo. In many cases the two devices differ only in their application and minor construction details, and some applications use a single device to fill both roles. For example, traction motors used on locomotives often perform both tasks if the locomotive is equipped with dynamic brakes . As part of a concerted effort worldwide to reduce energy consumption , CO 2 emissions and the impact of industrial operations on the environment, various regulatory authorities in many countries have introduced, or are planning, legislation to encourage the manufacture and use of higher efficiency motors . This article looks at the development of the premium efficiency standard (IE3) and premium efficiency motors (PEMs) and associated environmental, legal and energy-related topics Premium efficiency ele...