Energy Conservation by LED


Energy conservation by LED



A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n junction diode that emits light when activated. When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor. LEDs are typically small (less than 1 mm2) and integrated optical components may be used to shape the radiation pattern.



LEDs have many advantages over incandescent light sources, including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved physical robustness, smaller size, and faster switching. Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse as aviation lighting, automotive headlamps, advertising, general lighting, traffic signals, camera flashes, and lighted wallpaper. As of 2017[update], LED lights home room lighting are as cheap or cheaper than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output. They are also significantly more energy efficient and, arguably, have a lot of environmental concerns linked to their disposal.



NORMATIVE REFERENCE This schedule shall be read in conjunction with the latest publication of the following standards with all amendments:



Table 1: Reference Standards

Reference Standard                                Title of the Standard

IS 16102:2012 – Part I                 Self-Ballasted LED Lamps for General   

                                                   Lighting Services – Safety Requirements

IS 16102:2012 – Part II                   Self-Ballasted LED Lamps for General

                                                      Lighting Services – Performance  

                                                      Requirements

IS 16106:2012                          Method of Electrical and Photometric

                                    Measurements of Solid State Lighting (LED) products



IS 14700 (Part 3/Sec 2) :1999     Electromagnetic compatibility Part 3 Limits

                                                Sec 2 Limits for harmonic current emissions  

PRE-QUALIFICATION CRITERIA:

To qualify as a BEE star labelled product, the LED lamps covered under this schedule shall meet the following requirement:

4.1. The LED lamps shall confirm to the safety requirements as specified in IS 16102 (Part 1).

4.2. The LED lamps shall meet the harmonics requirement as per IS 14700 (Part 3/Sec 2) and power factor requirements as per IS 16102 (Part 2).  

4.3. The LED lamps shall confirm the photo biological test as specified in IS 16108.



Note: In view of the lack of test facilities, manufacturer may submit the test certificate of LED chips as per IS 16108/IEC:62471:2008 (Photo biological test report) and IS16105/LM 80 (Lumen maintenance of SSL source). Also LM 79 or IS 16106 Report of LED Lamp (as complete product) needs to be submitted.    

4.4. The lamp shall have at least 95 percent lumen maintenance at 1000 hours of operation at the time of application submission. 

4.5. The lamp shall comply with the following criteria defined for star rating level:

1. Star Rating level: “The star rating level shall be declared based on the initial luminous efficacy.”

2. Luminous efficacy: “In a batch, the failure of LED lamps shall not exceed the qualifying limit for wattage and initial luminous flux (Refer clause 18.2 of IS 16102 (Part 2): 2012).’’

Illustration: Technical specifications of LED lamp Star rating band: ≥ 90 L/W & < 105 L/W Star rating level: 3 star Declared luminous efficacy: 92 L/W No. of LED samples in a batch: 10



Case 1: Pass i.e. a batch is eligible for star rating

Out of 10 samples in a batch, 6 samples are having individual luminous efficacy of  ≥ 90 L/W an rest 4 samples are having individual luminous efficacy <90 L/W. Batch of LED lamp has an average luminous efficacy of  ≥ 90 L/W. This batch will pass the test, firstly, because the average efficacy meets the star rating band and secondly the no. of failures are within the qualifying limit of acceptance test (Refer clause 18.2 of IS 16102 (Part 2):2012) 



Case 2: Failure Out of 10 samples in a batch, 5 samples are having individual luminous efficacy of  ≥ 90 L/W and rest 5 samples are having individual luminous efficacy of < 90 L/W. Batch of LED lamps has an average luminous efficacy of  ≥ 90 L/W. The batch will fail the test, though the average luminous efficacy meets the star rating band but the no. of failures exceeds the qualifying limit of acceptance test (Refer clause 18.2 of IS 16102 (Part 2): 2012)



 STAR RATING PLAN:

 5.1. The star rating plan for self- ballasted non directional general service LED lamps shall be as given in Table 2.                     

Table 2

(a) Star Rating Plan – Voluntary Phase        (b) Star Rating Plan – Mandatory Phase    (Validity: 6/7/2015 to 31/12/2017)                  (Validity: 1/1/2018 to 31/12/2019)
Star Rating Rated Luminous Efficacy  (Lumen/Watt) Remarks  Star Rating Rated Luminous Efficacy  (Lumen/Watt) Remarks 1 ≥68 & <79 Freezed 1 ≥68 & <79 Freezed 2 ≥79 & <90  2 ≥79 & <90 Freezed  3 ≥90 & <105   3 ≥90 & <105  4 ≥105 & <120  4 ≥105 & <120  5 ≥120  5 ≥120 








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